In the realm of fluids, a captivating interplay exists between tranquil motion and the unpredictable forces of turbulence. When a liquid moves smoothly, it exhibits gentle patterns, reminiscent of a drifting river. Molecules travel in an orderly sequence, their interactions nuanced. This harmonious state is known as steady motion. But when ex

The unique properties of alcohols stem directly from the presence of hydrogen bonding. This strong intermolecular interaction arises from the polarity of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The highly electronegative oxygen atom pulls electrons towards itself, creating a partial negative charge (δ-) on the oxygen and a partial positive charge (δ+) on the h